{"id":197,"date":"2020-01-18T11:20:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-18T16:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/?p=197"},"modified":"2020-01-18T11:40:20","modified_gmt":"2020-01-18T16:40:20","slug":"omega-ou-alpha-a-la-decouverte-de-jasp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/2020\/01\/18\/omega-ou-alpha-a-la-decouverte-de-jasp\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03c9 ou \u03b1 ? \u00c0 la d\u00e9couverte de JASP"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La question de la validit\u00e9 et de la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 doit \u00eatre pos\u00e9e avant l\u2019usage de tel ou tel instrument de mesure. Concernant la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9, <span class=\"s8\">on dit retenir que celle-ci \u00e9voque les notions de pr\u00e9cision et de constance dans les mesures produites par un instrument <span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--2683711-3QDQ6PLP--wp197 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{2683711:3QDQ6PLP}', 'format': '(%a%, %d%, %p%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span><\/span><a><span class=\"s8\">. <\/span><\/a><!--more-->Pour ce faire, l\u2019alpha de Cronbach (\u03b1) est souvent pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme un incontournable pour mesurer la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 d\u2019un instrument de collecte. Il permet de savoir si vous vous approchez ou non d\u2019une mesure pr\u00e9cise. Obtenir un indice (\u03b1 ou autre) n\u2019est pas une r\u00e9v\u00e9lation divine&nbsp;: il faut le replacer dans une r\u00e9flexion plus globale sur la validation de votre instrument. <em>Cf. <\/em>notamment <span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--497524-ACIDZYEP--wp197 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{497524:ACIDZYEP}', 'format': '(%a%, %d%, %p%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.michelot.info\/education\/files\/2020\/01\/001-target.png?resize=128%2C128\" alt=\"\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.michelot.info\/education\/files\/2020\/01\/002-employee.png?resize=128%2C128\" alt=\"\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\"><br><em>Indice de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9&nbsp;: r\u00e9ussirez-vous \u00e0 atteindre la cible?<\/em> <br>Ic\u00f4nes par <a title=\"Freepik\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flaticon.com\/authors\/freepik\">Freepik<\/a>, <a title=\"Flaticon\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flaticon.com\/\">www.flaticon.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Pour revenir \u00e0 notre indice de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 et le vulgariser, imaginons que nous souhaitions tester la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 d\u2019une \u00e9chelle sur votre go\u00fbt pour les agrumes \ud83c\udf4a\ud83c\udf4b. L\u2019\u00e9chelle \u00ab\u2009Agrume\u2009\u00bb serait compos\u00e9e d\u2019une s\u00e9rie de questions du type \u00ab\u2009sur une \u00e9chelle de 1 \u00e0 7, appr\u00e9ciez-vous le fruit suivant?\u2009\u00bb.&nbsp; On peut s\u2019attendre \u00e0 ce qu\u2019une personne qui aime les agrumes donne des notes \u00e9lev\u00e9es pour chacun des agrumes (citrons, oranges, pamplemousses, etc.) pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans la liste. \u00c0 l\u2019inverse, une personne qui n\u2019aime pas les agrumes accordera certainement des notes plut\u00f4t faibles. Bref, que l\u2019on aime ou non les agrumes, on peut pr\u00e9voir une certaine coh\u00e9rence dans les notes et alors notre indice de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 devrait \u00eatre proche de 1. Par contre, si l\u2019on int\u00e8gre d\u2019autres fruits dans notre \u00e9chelle (des pommes \ud83c\udf4f, des bananes \ud83c\udf4c, des fraises \ud83c\udf53, etc.), on peut supposer que les notes donn\u00e9es pour chacun des fruits varieront davantage (vous pouvez aimer les agrumes et d\u00e9tester les bananes ou encore ha\u00efr les agrumes tout en raffolant des fraises). Bref, ces inconsistances vont illustrer les incoh\u00e9rences de notre \u00e9chelle qui mesure impr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment notre go\u00fbt pour les agrumes, puisque l\u2019on mesure aussi le go\u00fbt pour d\u2019autres fruits. De fait, une \u00e9chelle avec des fruits obtiendrait possiblement un score de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 qui tend \u00e0 davantage 0 qu\u2019\u00e0 1.<\/p>\n<p>La pr\u00e9sence du calcul de l\u2019alpha dans l\u2019omnipr\u00e9sent logiciel SPSS contribue probablement \u00e0 en pr\u00e9server la popularit\u00e9. Cependant, comme tout dispositif m\u00e9thodologique, la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 doit faire l\u2019objet d\u2019un regard critique. Et notre alpha n\u2019\u00e9chappe pas \u00e0 la r\u00e8gle&nbsp;: \u00e0 de nombreux \u00e9gards, l\u2019om\u00e9ga de McDonald (\u03c9) peut constituer une alternative costaude, ce que la recherche r\u00e9cente semble avoir illustr\u00e9 <span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--2683711-3QDQ6PLP-_-2683711-PSWYFAW3--wp197 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{2683711:3QDQ6PLP},{2683711:PSWYFAW3}', 'format': '(%a%, %d%, %p%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span>. Notons \u00e0 ce stade que ce billet n\u2019a pas vocation \u00e0 discuter de la performance de l\u2019om\u00e9ga et encore moins de sa sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 sur l\u2019alpha. Par contre, la proc\u00e9dure de calcul du premier n\u2019est pas aussi simple que celui du second.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>En effet, \u00e0 la diff\u00e9rence de l\u2019alpha, le calcul de l\u2019om\u00e9ga ne fait pas partie des options incluses dans SPSS. De fait, comment g\u00e9n\u00e9rer celui-ci?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Selon moi, il est en fait important de conna\u00eetre les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019une panoplie d\u2019outils pour ne pas \u00eatre contraint par les limites de celui que l\u2019on aurait s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le cas de l\u2019om\u00e9ga, j\u2019ai \u00e9valu\u00e9 trois options&nbsp;:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jumeler SPSS et R<\/li>\n<li>\u2026 D\u00e9couvrir Jasp!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>J\u2019ai volontairement mis de c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l\u2019utilisation seule de R qui, bien qu\u2019extr\u00eamement puissant, s\u2019av\u00e8re \u00eatre un outil plut\u00f4t aride (utilisation en lignes de commande) pour tout un chacun. Notons cependant que le <a href=\"https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/psych\/psych.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">package psych pour R<\/a> offre un ensemble complet de solutions (incluant donc notre fameux om\u00e9ga) pour les analyses psychom\u00e9triques.<\/p>\n<h2>Le jumelage de SPSS\u24c7 et de R<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www-01.ibm.com\/software\/ca\/fr\/analytics\/spss\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Statistical Package for the Social Sciences<\/em> (SPSS)<\/a> est l\u2019un des logiciels phares pour l\u2019analyse statistique en sciences sociales. Bien que plusieurs alternatives existent (y compris des logiciels libres sous licence GNU\/GPL tels que <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/pspp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PSPP<\/a>), il reste un outil puissant, voire incontournable, notamment en raison de son anciennet\u00e9&nbsp;: la 1re&nbsp;version du logiciel daterait de 1968. Tel qu\u2019\u00e9voqu\u00e9, SPSS, \u00e0 ce jour, ne permet pas le calcul de l\u2019om\u00e9ga, par contre en le couplant \u00e0 R, cela serait possible. En effet, il est possible d\u2019ajouter des extensions \u00e0 SPSS pour en accro\u00eetre les fonctionnalit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Avant de pr\u00e9senter la m\u00e9thode de ce jumelage, qu\u2019est-ce que <a href=\"https:\/\/cran.rstudio.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">R<\/a>? R est un langage de programmation, lui aussi destin\u00e9 aux statistiques et aux sciences (humaines ou non). C\u2019est un logiciel libre distribu\u00e9 sous licence GNU\/GPL. Diff\u00e9rents environnements graphiques permettent de faciliter le d\u00e9veloppement sous R (par exemple <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RStudio<\/a>, distribu\u00e9 sous licence libre AGPL et sous une licence commerciale).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/shawnsstats.blogspot.com\/2016\/11\/ordinal-alpha-and-omega.html\">Un tutoriel complet pour l\u2019installation du paquet UserFriendlyScience pour R dans SPSS vous est propos\u00e9 par S.&nbsp;Fraser<\/a> <span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--2683711-3QDQ6PLP-_-2683711-PSWYFAW3-_-2683711-4FBMIIZV--wp197 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{2683711:3QDQ6PLP},{2683711:PSWYFAW3},{2683711:4FBMIIZV}', 'format': '(%a%, %d%, %p%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span>. Le tutoriel propose aussi captures d\u2019\u00e9cran pour en voir l\u2019utilisation.<\/p>\n<p>Malheureusement, entre les diff\u00e9rentes versions des logiciels R, de SPSS et du package UserFriendlyScience pour R, ainsi que l\u2019extension de bo\u00eete de dialogue de S.&nbsp;Fraser, la compatibilit\u00e9 des d\u00e9pendances semble vraiment compliqu\u00e9e surmonter. <strong>Bref, je n\u2019ai jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 en mesure de faire rouler le script<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>D\u00e9couvrir JASP<\/h2>\n<p>Au d\u00e9tour de nombreuses lectures, je suis tomb\u00e9 sur le logiciel JASP. JASP est publi\u00e9 sous licence GNU Affero GPL&nbsp;v3, qui est une licence <em>open source<\/em> garantissant le fait que <a href=\"https:\/\/jasp-stats.org\/\">JASP<\/a> sera toujours gratuit. Ce point n\u2019est pas anodin lorsque l\u2019on imagine les co\u00fbts engag\u00e9s par la communaut\u00e9 universitaire pour acheter des licences de logiciels tels que SPSS. JASP est installable sous Windows, macOS et Linux. Pour les utilisateurs de ce dernier, des paquets d\u2019installation FlatPak et pour Ubuntu sont disponibles. Une version en ligne a m\u00eame \u00e9t\u00e9 mise \u00e0 disposition (non test\u00e9e).<\/p>\n<p>JASP dispose d\u2019une interface graphique tr\u00e8s intuitive, r\u00e9ellement orient\u00e9e sur l\u2019utilisateur final. Ainsi, beaucoup de proc\u00e9dures se font par simple gliss\u00e9-d\u00e9pos\u00e9. On y retrouve la plupart des proc\u00e9dures d\u2019analyse quantitative. Attention, son interface est exclusivement en anglais.<\/p>\n<p>Les jeux de donn\u00e9es peuvent \u00eatre import\u00e9s sous un format CSV (tableau <em>coma separated<\/em> value) ou SPSS. On peut donc facilement jongler entre SPSS et JASP pour profiter des fonctionnalit\u00e9s de l\u2019un ou de l\u2019autre.<\/p>\n<p>\u2026 et, miracle! JASP propose le calcul de l\u2019om\u00e9ga de McDonald (\u03c9). Voyons comment faire.<\/p>\n<h2>Utiliser JASP<\/h2>\n<p>Dans l\u2019exemple ci-dessous, j\u2019ai choisi un jeu de donn\u00e9es ou je souhaite mesurer la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9chelle CriTT_Confia qui comprend plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments.<\/p>\nngg_shortcode_0_placeholder\n<ol>\n<li>La fen\u00eatre se d\u00e9coupe en trois&nbsp;: en haut, le menu\u2009; \u00e0 gauche, les donn\u00e9es\u2009; \u00e0 droite, les donn\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<li>D\u2019abord, dans le menu en haut s\u00e9lectionnons <em>Descriptives<\/em> &gt; <em>Reliability Analysis<\/em> (Statistiques descriptives &gt; Analyse de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9).<br>Vous verrez ici que la fen\u00eatre gauche consacr\u00e9e aux donn\u00e9es a \u00e9t\u00e9 remplac\u00e9e par une fen\u00eatre de proc\u00e9dures. C\u2019est ici que nous allons \u00ab\u2009jouer\u2009\u00bb.<\/li>\n<li>Dans la liste des donn\u00e9es \u00e9l\u00e9ments disponibles dans l\u2019encart de gauche, s\u00e9lectionner tous les <em>items<\/em> qui correspondent \u00e0 votre \u00e9chelle (ici tous les \u00e9l\u00e9ments num\u00e9rot\u00e9s CriTT_Confia_XX).<\/li>\n<li>Appuyez sur la petite fl\u00e8che de telle sorte que les items soient d\u00e9plac\u00e9s dans l\u2019encart de droite.<\/li>\n<li>En dessous, s\u00e9lectionnez Scale Statistics (Statistiques d\u2019\u00e9chelles) et cliquez sur le bouton radio McDonald\u2019s \u03c9 (et \u00e9ventuellement Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 si vous voulez les comparer).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Et voil\u00e0! Aussit\u00f4t, les donn\u00e9es apparaissent en temps r\u00e9el dans la colonne de droite.<\/p>\n<p>Il ne vous reste plus qu\u2019\u00e0 analyser les r\u00e9sultats! \ud83e\udd37\u200d\u2642\ufe0f<\/p>\n<div id=\"zotpress-a47ee55428b484c7f5af39982a6e39a2\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-Bib wp-block-group\">\n\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_API_USER_ID ZP_ATTR\">2683711<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\">{497524:3QDQ6PLP},{497524:PSWYFAW3},{497524:4FBMIIZV},{497524:ACIDZYEP}<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_COLLECTION_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TAG_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_AUTHOR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_YEAR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_ITEMTYPE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_INCLUSIVE ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE ZP_ATTR\">universite-du-quebec-a-montreal<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_LIMIT ZP_ATTR\">50<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SORTBY ZP_ATTR\">creator<\/span>\n\t\t<span 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id=\"zp-ID-197-497524-PSWYFAW3\" data-zp-author-date='B\u00e9land-et-al.-2018-07' data-zp-date-author='2018-07-B\u00e9land-et-al.' data-zp-date='2018-07' data-zp-year='2018' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">B\u00e9land, S., Cousineau, D. et Loye, N. (2018). Utiliser le coefficient omega de McDonald \u00e0 la place de l\u2019alpha de Cronbach. <i>McGill Journal of Education \/ Revue des sciences de l\u2019\u00e9ducation de McGill<\/i>, <i>52<\/i>(3). <a class='zp-DOIURL' href='https:\/\/doi.org\/10\/gg44mq'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10\/gg44mq<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-197-497524-3QDQ6PLP\" data-zp-author-date='Fortin-and-Gagnon-2016' data-zp-date-author='2016-Fortin-and-Gagnon' data-zp-date='2016' data-zp-year='2016' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Fortin, F. et Gagnon, J. (2016). <i>Fondements et \u00e9tapes du processus de recherche\u202f: m\u00e9thodes quantitatives et qualitatives<\/i> (3e \u00e9dition). Cheneli\u00e8re \u00e9ducation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-197-497524-4FBMIIZV\" data-zp-author-date='Fraser-2016-11-17' data-zp-date-author='2016-11-17-Fraser' data-zp-date='2016-11-17' data-zp-year='2016' data-zp-itemtype='blogPost' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Fraser, S. (2016, 17 novembre). Using SPSS and R to Calculate Ordinal Alpha and Omega Internal Consistency. <i>Shawn\u2019s Miscellaneous Stats Notes<\/i>. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/shawnsstats.blogspot.com\/2016\/11\/ordinal-alpha-and-omega.html'>https:\/\/shawnsstats.blogspot.com\/2016\/11\/ordinal-alpha-and-omega.html<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-197-497524-ACIDZYEP\" data-zp-author-date='Messick-1995' data-zp-date-author='1995-Messick' data-zp-date='1995' data-zp-year='1995' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Messick, S. (1995). Validity of Psychological Assessment: Validation of Inferences from Persons\u2019 Responses and Performances as Scientific Inquiry into Score Meaning. <i>American Psychologist<\/i>, <i>50<\/i>(9), 741\u2011749. <a class='zp-DOIURL' href='https:\/\/doi.org\/10\/ft2mh4'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10\/ft2mh4<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La question de la validit\u00e9 et de la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 doit \u00eatre pos\u00e9e avant l\u2019usage de tel ou tel instrument de mesure. Concernant la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9, on dit retenir que celle-ci \u00e9voque les notions de pr\u00e9cision et de constance dans les mesures produites par un instrument .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":208,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,55],"tags":[69,66,71,67,72],"class_list":["post-197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-recherche","category-ressources","tag-fidelite","tag-jasp","tag-r","tag-spss","tag-validite"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.michelot.info\/education\/files\/2019\/05\/rankCorFreq.gif?fit=1201%2C668&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=197"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/208"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}