{"id":644,"date":"2021-01-30T08:34:39","date_gmt":"2021-01-30T13:34:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/?p=644"},"modified":"2021-05-04T09:08:27","modified_gmt":"2021-05-04T14:08:27","slug":"these-de-doctorat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/2021\/01\/30\/these-de-doctorat\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e8se de doctorat \u00ab\u00a0Quelles pens\u00e9e critique et m\u00e9talitt\u00e9ratie des futur\u00b7es enseignant\u00b7es \u00e0 l\u2019heure des fausses nouvelles sur le Web social ?\u00a0\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

R\u00e9sum\u00e9 de \u00ab vulgarisation \u00bb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le fichier PDF sur le d\u00e9p\u00f4t ouvert Thesis Commons<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019\u00e9cole est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme un rempart aux fausses nouvelles, afin de former les citoyen\u00b7nes de demain \u00e0 manipuler correctement l\u2019information qu\u2019ils rencontrent sur le Web et particuli\u00e8rement sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux (Facebook, YouTube, etc.). Pour cela, il faut que les aptitudes de leurs enseignant\u00b7es soient \u00e0 la hauteur de l\u2019enjeu. Cependant, on sait que le fait d\u2019avoir un dipl\u00f4me universitaire n\u2019est pas synonyme de rationalit\u00e9 et d\u2019esprit critique, y compris chez les enseignant\u00b7es. Il importe donc que celles et ceux qui vont enseigner disposent des techniques ad\u00e9quates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans cette recherche, nous avons notamment compar\u00e9 la performance \u00e0 un test d\u2019esprit critique de futur\u00b7es enseignant\u00b7es en formation initiale \u00e0 Namur (Universit\u00e9 de Namur) et Malonne (Henallux) en Wallonie (Belgique), \u00e0 Bordeaux (Universit\u00e9 Bordeaux-Montaigne) en France et, finalement \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al (Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al et Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al), au Qu\u00e9bec (Canada). Ce sont les Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois\u00b7es qui disposent d\u2019un niveau moyen plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que leurs homologues wallon\u00b7nes et fran\u00e7ais\u00b7es. Il\u00b7elles se sentent aussi plus confiant\u00b7es sur leur propre esprit critique et sur leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9valuer correctement de l\u2019information, ce qui laisse supposer que la confiance en soi permet de pr\u00e9dire les habilet\u00e9s en esprit critique. Cependant, on se rend compte que d\u2019autres aspects entrent en ligne de compte ; par exemple, le fait de travailler en dehors de l\u2019universit\u00e9 semble aussi fa\u00e7onner ces habilet\u00e9s, de m\u00eame que la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u2019imaginer devenir enseignant\u00b7e apr\u00e8s ses \u00e9tudes. Dans leurs pratiques, toutefois, on se rend compte que les strat\u00e9gies mises en \u0153uvre pour \u00e9valuer l\u2019information sont limit\u00e9es. Certes, il\u00b7elles sont en mesure de nommer plusieurs de ces strat\u00e9gies, mais il\u00b7elles n\u2019en mobilisent que quelques-unes. Chez les \u00e9tudiant\u00b7es qui suivent une formation professionnelle \u00e0 l\u2019enseignement, il\u00b7elles vont surtout se remettre en cause, douter d\u2019eux\u00b7elles-m\u00eames. Chez celles et ceux qui suivent une formation dans une discipline sp\u00e9cifique, il\u00b7elles vont plut\u00f4t suivre des crit\u00e8res d\u2019\u00e9valuation, des genres de listes de v\u00e9rification (checklists<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous concluons d\u2019abord de cette recherche qu\u2019il est important de pouvoir se projeter dans son avenir professionnel pour d\u00e9velopper comment l\u2019on va mettre en \u0153uvre son esprit critique, ce qu\u2019une formation offrant des stages en milieu scolaire aidera. Il reste cependant important de b\u00e2tir des formations sp\u00e9cifiques pour d\u00e9velopper l\u2019esprit critique et pour apprendre \u00e0 manipuler correctement l\u2019information, car les formations actuelles ne suffisent pas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lay summary<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

School is presented as a shield against fake news, as a training for tomorrow\u2019s citizen to correctly handle the information they find on the Web and particularly on social media (Facebook, YouTube, etc.). To this end, their teacher\u2019s skills have to be up to the challenge. However, it is known that having a university degree is not equivalent to being rational and thinking critically, even among teachers. It is therefore important that those who are going to teach have the proper techniques at their disposal.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this research, we compared the performance to a critical thinking test of preservice teachers in Namur (Universit\u00e9 de Namur) and Malonne (Henallux) in Wallonia (Belgium), in Bordeaux (Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux-Montaigne) in France and, finally in Montreal (Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al and Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al), in Qu\u00e9bec (Canada). Quebecers have a higher average level than their Walloon and French counterparts. They also feel more self-confident on their own critical thinking skills and on their ability to correctly evaluate information, suggesting that self-confidence is a predictor of critical thinking skills. However, we realize that other aspects come into play; for example, working outside-campus seems to also shape these skills, as well as the ability to imagine oneself becoming a teacher after graduation. In their practices, though, we found that the strategies used to assess the information are limited. While they are able to name many of these strategies, they mobilize only a few. Students following a vocational training will mostly doubt and question themselves. Students trained in a specific discipline will rather follow a series of evaluation criteria, like a checklist.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Our first conclusion is that it is important to be able to project oneself into one\u2019s professional future to develop one\u2019s critical thinking skills and how to implement it. A training that includes internships in school environment would help in that matter. However, building specific training in critical thinking remains important to learn how to handle information correctly as current training is not sufficient.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour citer cette th\u00e8se :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Michelot, F. (2020). Quelles pens\u00e9e critique et m\u00e9talitt\u00e9ratie des futur\u00b7es enseignant\u00b7es \u00e0 l\u2019heure des fausses nouvelles sur le Web social\u202f? Une \u00e9tude de cas collective en francophonie<\/i> [th\u00e8se de doctorat, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al]. Thesis Commons. https:\/\/doi.org\/g58f<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u00e9sum\u00e9 de \u00ab vulgarisation \u00bb L\u2019\u00e9cole est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme un rempart aux fausses nouvelles, afin de former les citoyen\u00b7nes de demain \u00e0 manipuler correctement l\u2019information qu\u2019ils rencontrent sur le Web et particuli\u00e8rement sur les m\u00e9dias sociaux (Facebook, YouTube, etc.). Pour cela, il faut que les aptitudes de leurs enseignant\u00b7es soient \u00e0 la hauteur de l\u2019enjeu.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":689,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[164,152,46,38,160,166,159,155,154,153,156,167,32,157,158,29,103,63,165,169,162,163,51,170,161,168],"class_list":["post-644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-recherche","tag-case-study","tag-competences-informationnelles","tag-critical-thinking","tag-culture-informationnelle","tag-disciplinary-training","tag-environnement-personnel-dapprentissage-epa","tag-etude-de-cas","tag-formation-disciplinaire","tag-formation-initiale-des-enseignantes","tag-formation-professionnalisante","tag-france","tag-futures-enseignantes","tag-information-literacy","tag-litteratie-informationnelle","tag-medias-sociaux","tag-metaliteracy","tag-metalitteratie","tag-pensee-critique","tag-personal-learning-environment","tag-preservice-teacher-education","tag-preservice-teachers","tag-quebec-canada","tag-social-media","tag-vocational-education","tag-wallonia-belgium","tag-wallonie-belgique"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.michelot.info\/education\/files\/2021\/01\/social-media-763731_1920.jpg?fit=1920%2C1275&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=644"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/644\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.michelot.info\/education\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=644"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}